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1993-07-13
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Date: Sat, 6 Mar 93 05:15:22
From: Space Digest maintainer <digests@isu.isunet.edu>
Reply-To: Space-request@isu.isunet.edu
Subject: Space Digest V16 #280
To: Space Digest Readers
Precedence: bulk
Space Digest Sat, 6 Mar 93 Volume 16 : Issue 280
Today's Topics:
Alternative space station power (2 msgs)
Apollo Moon Missions ?
Ark Discovered on the Moon
Columbus project
Fallen Angels
Jupiter and Venus followons (was Re: Refueling in orbit) (2 msgs)
military aircraft
NASP (was Re: Canadian SS
Shuttle budget
Spy Sats (Was: Are La (2 msgs)
SSF Resupply (Was Re: Nobody cares about Fred?) (3 msgs)
Welcome to the Space Digest!! Please send your messages to
"space@isu.isunet.edu", and (un)subscription requests of the form
"Subscribe Space <your name>" to one of these addresses: listserv@uga
(BITNET), rice::boyle (SPAN/NSInet), utadnx::utspan::rice::boyle
(THENET), or space-REQUEST@isu.isunet.edu (Internet).
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Fri, 5 Mar 1993 20:11:38 GMT
From: gawne@stsci.edu
Subject: Alternative space station power
Newsgroups: sci.space
Hugh Emberson asked:
> Someone once told me about this solid state heat pump that worked
> using some quantum magic, "Peltier effect" I think. You pass a
> current through it and it moves heat from one side to the other.
>
> Does anyone know if you can run one of these things backwards? Stick
> something hot on one side and something cold on the other and get
> electricity out.
Yes. I recall the thermoelectric voltage being a pain to compensate
for when measuring the magneto-conductivity of semiconductors at low
temperature. It requires some careful measurement schemes to isolate
one effect from the other.
I doubt that you could generate anywhere near as much current by
thermoelectric processes as you can by photoelectric (solar cells).
I'll let the engineers in the audience who have some practical
knowledge of the question provide additional input.
-Bill Gawne, Space Telescope Science Institute
"Forgive him, he is a barbarian, who thinks the customs of his tribe
are the laws of the universe." - G. J. Caesar
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 5 Mar 1993 18:35:55 GMT
From: Gary Coffman <ke4zv!gary>
Subject: Alternative space station power
Newsgroups: sci.space
In article <HUGH.93Mar5180541@huia.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz> hugh@huia.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz (Hugh Emberson) writes:
>>>>>> "HS" == Henry Spencer <henry@zoo.toronto.edu> writes:
>
>HS> In article <1993Mar3.194542.5295@aio.jsc.nasa.gov> Dr. Norman J. LaFave <lafave@ial4.jsc.nasa.gov> writes:
>>This was an attempt at a lower cost solar dynamic system. Imagine a
>>plate built as a three-layered sandwich---two heat conductors with a
>>good thermal insulator between them. Point one conductor at the sun
>>(the other one is then in shadow) and run a thermocouple between the
>>conducting plates. [...]
>
>HS> I doubt it very much. Have you *looked* at thermocouple
>HS> efficiencies? They are, roughly speaking, terrible... even by
>HS> photovoltaic standards. Why do you think they haven't replaced
>HS> photovoltaics already? There are plenty of commercial satellite
>HS> builders who would kill for better power systems.
>
>Someone once told me about this solid state heat pump that worked
>using some quantum magic, "Peltier effect" I think. You pass a
>current through it and it moves heat from one side to the other.
>
>Does anyone know if you can run one of these things backwards? Stick
>something hot on one side and something cold on the other and get
>electricity out.
Sure, the efficency sucks. The Peltier effect is what you get when
you run a thermocouple backwards. Efficiency is in the 0.05% to 3%
range for thermocouples. Efficency for solar cells, actual not lab
curiosity, is in the 6% to 16% range depending on how much you're
willing to spend. Efficiency of solar thermal plants varies from
around 6% to 40% depending on the degree of concentration used.
Using large parabolic mirrors, and large heat radiators to deep
space, solar thermal is the clear efficiency winner. The Carnot
cycle says efficiency is proportional to the delta T across the
generation system. For power outputs in the 50 kW and greater range,
solar thermal is the clear cost and complexity winner.
The reason efficiency matters in a solar power setup is that the
incoming energy flux is fixed at about 1 kW per square meter. If
you have a 3% efficient system, you only get 30 watts per square
meter and need a lot of square meters to meet your power output
target. If the efficiency is 40%, you get 400 watts per square
meter. Costs generally go up with the square of the size of the
system, to some extent to the cube of the size of the system, so
you want the system to be as small as practical to keep costs
reasonable. That implies using methods with the the highest
practical efficiency.
Gary
--
Gary Coffman KE4ZV | You make it, | gatech!wa4mei!ke4zv!gary
Destructive Testing Systems | we break it. | uunet!rsiatl!ke4zv!gary
534 Shannon Way | Guaranteed! | emory!kd4nc!ke4zv!gary
Lawrenceville, GA 30244 | |
------------------------------
Date: 5 Mar 93 13:52:00 GMT
From: Roland Dobbins <roland.dobbins@the-matrix.com>
Subject: Apollo Moon Missions ?
Newsgroups: sci.space
TT>
TT>From: tjt@Jpl.Nasa.Gov (Tim Thompson)
TT>Newsgroups: sci.space
TT>Subject: Apollo Moon Missions ?
TT>Date: 25 Feb 1993 01:23:36 GMT
TT>Message-ID: <1mh72oINNdu8@elroy.jpl.nasa.gov>
TT>Reply-To: tjt@Jpl.Nasa.Gov
TT>
TT> I am ignorant, I admit it. My memory has failed. Can someone ref
TT>tired brain cells, and tell me (us) which Apollo mission to the Moo
TT>last one? There couldn't have been too many.
TT>
TT> Mille Mercis
TT>
TT>---
TT>------------------------------------------------------------
TT>Timothy J. Thompson, Earth and Space Sciences Division, JPL.
TT>Assistant Administrator, Division Science Computing Network.
TT>Secretary, Los Angeles Astronomical Society.
TT>Member, BOD, Mount Wilson Observatory Association.
TT>
TT>INTERnet/BITnet: tjt@scn1.jpl.nasa.gov
TT>NSI/DECnet: jplsc8::tim
TT>SCREAMnet: YO!! TIM!!
TT>GPSnet: 118:10:22.85 W by 34:11:58.27 N
TT>
Apollo 17. I believe that Gene Cernan was the last human to walk on the
surface of the Moon.
Missions were planned through Apollo 21, but funding was cut due to
Vietnam, etc.
---
. Orator V1.13 . [Windows Qwk Reader Unregistered Evaluation Copy]
------------------------------
Date: 5 Mar 93 08:38:19 MST
From: Rich Travsky <rtravsky@news.uwyo.edu>
Subject: Ark Discovered on the Moon
Newsgroups: sci.space
The following showed up on the sci.archaeology group. The article speaks
for itself, as further words can hardly do it justice...
+---------+ Richard Travsky RTRAVSKY @ UWYO . EDU
| | Division of Information Technology
| U W | University of Wyoming (307) 766 - 3663 / 3668
| * | "Wyoming is the capital of Denver." - a tourist
+---------+ "One of those square states." - another tourist
*********************************************************
Newsgroups: sci.archaeology
Subject: recent discovery of ark remains
From: gpowell@ent1.ent.ncsu.edu (Eugene Powell)
Date: Thu, 4 Mar 1993 21:01:35 GMT
Organization: Dept. of Entomology - NCSU, Raleigh, NC
About Noah's Ark:
Has anyone seen the followup story about the discovery of the other
half of the ark? It seems IYF TV, a new station on the upper reaches
of the dial, will broadcast a story from Archaicology Magazine about
half of the famous boat found (you won't believe this) on the moon!
A disclaimer will precede the broadcast noting that the opinions
expressed are only those of a minority, and any resemblance to
fanatical beliefs is unintentional.
The gist of the story is this. The first man on the moon (that we know
about :-)) Neil Armstrong, noticed upon descent of the lunar module a
curious object sticking out of HARDENED LAVA near the top of a small
hill in a young crater. In addition to evidence for recent vulcanism
on the moon, the object upon close examination provided corroboration
that a strong interstellar event must have swooped up material from
the middle east and deposited it somehow on the moon. Upon close
examination of the object, which in video transmissions will appear
to be solid rock that only superficially resembles a boat, but which
occupied numerous pixels in supertopsecretadvancedspyscopes, it was
discovered that a name is inscribed on what must be the bow of the
ship. Several large samples of hardened, black material were obtained
from what appears to be the inside of the ship. The name inscribed
on the ship is to be revealed in the broadcast, but I have learned
that the first few letters are (translated) as in BC.
I will try to find out more, and post later the results of carbon
dating on the black material from the boat's floor, but you won't
believe the date I saw-curves ad infinitum.
------------------------------
Date: 5 Mar 93 19:20:45 GMT
From: Josh Hopkins <jbh55289@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu>
Subject: Columbus project
Newsgroups: sci.space
18084TM@msu.edu (Tom) writes:
>>BH>What's the message here? If Clinton kills Fred, Columbus is sunk?
>>I suspect that Columbus could be sent into a 51 degree orbit
>>in case of no America station being available.
>I assume this is a distinct project from the proposed Columbus Binocular
>Telescope. So what project is it?
It is indeed a different project. Columbus is the name for the ESA space
station project. Originally, there was to be a Columbus module attached to
Freedom and a man tended free flying module. ESA cut the free flyer at the
same time they killed Hermes. They are still hoping to have something to
attach their station module to as it would certianly not be capable of life
without SSF without major redesign.
--
Josh Hopkins jbh55289@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu
You only live once. But if you live it right, once is enough.
In memoria, WDH
------------------------------
Date: 5 Mar 93 13:52:00 GMT
From: Roland Dobbins <roland.dobbins@the-matrix.com>
Subject: Fallen Angels
Newsgroups: sci.space
FN>
FN>From: m0102@tnc.UUCP (FRANK NEY)
FN>Newsgroups: sci.space,sci.energy,rec.arts.sf.fandom
FN>Subject: Fallen Angels
FN>Message-ID: <2001@tnc.UUCP>
FN>Date: 25 Feb 93 13:01:26 GMT
FN>Reply-To: m0102@tnc.UUCP (FRANK NEY)
FN>Followup-To: sci.space
FN>
FN>In the SF book 'Fallen Angels' by Larry Niven & others, a launch
FN>vehicle named PHOENIX was described. In the afterward, it was clai
FN>that such a launch vehicle (SSTO/VTOL) could be build for $50M-200M
FN>
FN>Anyone have information on the design of this critter?
FN>
FN>The story itself has much to recommend it and I would urge others t
FN>read it. It describes the story of two astronauts shot down over t
FN>US, after the turn of the century where the greens and the politica
FN>(in-)correct have taken over.
FN>
FN>The astronauts are rescued and returned to their space station (usi
FN>PHOENIX prototype) through the efforts of SF Fandom and the SCA. V
FN>entertaining and quite thought-provoking.
FN>
FN>Frank Ney N4ZHG EMT-A NRA ILA GOA CCRTKBA "M-O-U-S-E"
FN>Commandant and Acting President, Northern Virginia Free Militia
FN>Send e-mail for an application and more information
FN>----------------------------------------------------------------
FN>"Whether the authorities be invaders or merely local tyrants, the
FN>effect of such [gun] laws is to place the individual at the mercy o
FN>the state, unable to resist."
FN> - Robert Heinlein, in a 1949 letter concerning "Red Planet"
FN>--
FN>The Next Challenge - Public Access Unix in Northern Va. - Washingto
FN>703-803-0391 To log in for trial and account info.
_Fallen Angels_ is by Larry Niven, Jerry Pournelle, and Steven Barnes.
Niven and Pournelle have done many many other books together, such as
_Footfall_, _The Mote in God's Eye_, _The Gripping Hand_, etc.
They also formed the Citizens' Advisory Council on National S[ace Policy,
which sold Ronald Reagan on the idea of SDI.
Phoenix is the brainchild of Gary Hudson, who appeared as himself in the
book. He can be reaced on BIX as "ghudson".
---
. Orator V1.13 . [Windows Qwk Reader Unregistered Evaluation Copy]
------------------------------
Date: 5 Mar 93 20:46:16 GMT
From: Henry Spencer <henry@zoo.toronto.edu>
Subject: Jupiter and Venus followons (was Re: Refueling in orbit)
Newsgroups: sci.space
In article <1n8ce4INNktd@access.digex.com> prb@access.digex.com (Pat) writes:
>>>... Mariner really started off as a
>>>series of Light fast missions to single targets, they just got a little
>>>ambitious in voyager...
>>
>Henry is the expert referee, but i thought Voyager was originally supposed
>to be a Mariner mission, then they re-named it ...
Voyager was originally Mariner Jupiter-Saturn. The renaming seems to have
been mostly a matter of public relations. The Voyagers are Mariner-class
spacecraft, in both hardware complexity and cost. (Voyager was not a
particularly expensive project.)
The very earliest Mariners were small and simple, but the later ones
weren't. Nor were they all single-target missions; Mariner 10 made four
planetary flybys (1 Venus, 3 Mercury). The primary Voyager mission was
two flybys per spacecraft: Jupiter and Saturn.
>WHose bus did Magellan use? Mariner derived? I know at that point in NASA's
>mind-set all vehicles were designed based upon previous history and
>commonality.
You're thinking of an earlier time, when it was routine to build spacecraft
in blocks and re-use hardware extensively. The original Venus radar-mapper
mission, VOIR, was all-new. Magellan got built out of JPL's junkbox when
it became clear that VOIR was never going to be approved; its re-use of old
hardware was through necessity rather than policy.
--
C++ is the best example of second-system| Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology
effect since OS/360. | henry@zoo.toronto.edu utzoo!henry
------------------------------
Date: 5 Mar 1993 15:16:04 -0500
From: Pat <prb@access.digex.com>
Subject: Jupiter and Venus followons (was Re: Refueling in orbit)
Newsgroups: sci.space
In article <C3CrIo.KCH@news.cso.uiuc.edu> jbh55289@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (Josh Hopkins) writes:
>prb@access.digex.com (Pat) writes:
>
>
>>Actually Bill, I would Posit, that the Discovery Series are The follow
>>Ons to Mariner/Voyager/Pioneer. Mariner really started off as a
>>series of Light fast missions to single targets, they just got a little
>>ambitious in voyager, but I think?????? they all used pretty mcuh the
>>same vehicle bus.
>
Henry is the expert referee, but i thought Voyager was originally supposed
to be a Mariner mission, then they re-named it because it was
a little more ambiutious. How about pioneer? was that the one i was
thinking about?
>>Magellan, I think used the the Mariner Mk II bus
>
>used distinctly different hardware. Magellan was made from spare parts off
>Voyager and Galileo. The Cassini and CRAF missions were designed to use the
WHose bus did Magellan use? Mariner derived? I know at that point in NASA's
mind-set all vehicles were designed based upon previous history and
commonality.
pat
------------------------------
Date: 5 Mar 93 13:52:00 GMT
From: Roland Dobbins <roland.dobbins@the-matrix.com>
Subject: military aircraft
Newsgroups: sci.space
MC>
MC>Newsgroups: sci.space
MC>From: merle@a.cs.okstate.edu (MERLE CHRISTOPHER)
MC>Subject: Re: military aircraft
MC>Message-ID: <1993Mar1.221452.4021@a.cs.okstate.edu>
MC>Date: Mon, 1 Mar 93 22:14:52 GMT
MC>
MC>In article <76487@cup.portal.com> BrianT@cup.portal.com (Brian Stua
MC>>>The A-12 was intended to replace the aging A-6. It ran into
MC>>>management problems, overran budget, and has been cancelled. Aur
MC>>>is the (rumoured only) replacement for the SR-71 Recce aircraft,
MC>>>has (once again, rumoured only) reportedly been flying for a numb
MC>>>years now.
MC>>
MC>> The writer probably confused "Aurora" and "Avenger". However,
MC>> not sure that the A-12 Avenger II was even supersonic, much le
MC>> designed for Mach 4.
MC>>
MC>
MC>Historical Tidbit: The first plane to receive the designation A-12
MC>the precursor to the SR-71. the A-12 was operated by the CIA.
MC>
MC>As for rumoured replacement. The SR-71, the A-12, the F117A were se
MC>many years before they went public. So it is reasonable to assume t
MC>the USA has a replacement. After all the original designs for the
MC>dated from the late 40's. You decide.
MC>
MC>Yours in Paranoia
MC>Chris
MC>
MC>
MC>--
MC>-------------------------------------------------------------------
MC> Christopher Merle | "As God as my witness, I thought tur
MC> merle@a.cs.okstate.edu | could fly." --Art Carlson
MC>-------------------------------------------------------------------
Er . . . the original SR-71 designs aren't from the 1940s, I think.
Kelly Johnson built the SR-71 during 1961-1962 at the Lockheed Skunkworks,
if I'm not mistaken . . .
---
. Orator V1.13 . [Windows Qwk Reader Unregistered Evaluation Copy]
------------------------------
Date: 5 Mar 93 13:52:00 GMT
From: Roland Dobbins <roland.dobbins@the-matrix.com>
Subject: NASP (was Re: Canadian SS
Newsgroups: sci.space
CO>
CO>From: C.O.EGALON@LARC.NASA.GOV (CLAUDIO OLIVEIRA EGALON)
CO>Newsgroups: sci.space
CO>Subject: NASP (was Re: Canadian SSF effort ?? )
CO>Date: 20 Feb 1993 19:44:50 GMT
CO>Message-ID: <1m61niINNfth@rave.larc.nasa.gov>
CO>Reply-To: C.O.EGALON@LARC.NASA.GOV (CLAUDIO OLIVEIRA EGALON)
CO>
CO>> Aerospace Daily also reports that NASA research
CO>> on advanced subsonic and supersonic transport aircraft would
CO>> get a big increase under Clinton's budget plan, with $550
CO>> million more programmed in fiscal years 1994-97, and another
CO>> $267 million scheduled for FY '98.
CO>
CO>What about NASP???
CO>
CO>
Errr . . . that _is_ NASP.
It's SSX I'm worried about . . .
---
. Orator V1.13 . [Windows Qwk Reader Unregistered Evaluation Copy]
------------------------------
Date: 5 Mar 93 21:54:50 GMT
From: "John S. Neff" <neff@iaiowa.physics.uiowa.edu>
Subject: Shuttle budget
Newsgroups: sci.space
In article <C3FnEL.JrG@zoo.toronto.edu> henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer) writes:
>From: henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer)
>Subject: Re: Shuttle budget
>Date: Fri, 5 Mar 1993 20:25:31 GMT
>In article <C3F99E.4x8.1@cs.cmu.edu> 18084TM@msu.edu (Tom) writes:
>>> [NASA vs. Congress]
>>
>>This sounds to me like only one more reason why NASA should be reaplced
>>by some kind of private system, which has to answer only to it's
>>contributors or stockholders, rather than Congress.
>
>
>Some of the things NASA does could be privatized easily enough -- it
>really shouldn't be running a space trucking business, for example --
stuff deleted to save space
>--
>C++ is the best example of second-system| Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology
>effect since OS/360. | henry@zoo.toronto.edu utzoo!henry
Congressman Walker talked about getting NASA out of the space transportation
business, and focused on pure R&D at a hearing I attended about five years
ago. It sounded like a good idea until one stated to look at problems like
insurance and setting priorities. Who would be in charge of the Space
Transportation Authority? The Department of Defence, the Department of
Commerce, or the FAA? Would a private contractor get a big subsidy on
liabilty insurance along the lines of the early days of commercial nuclear
power? When I asked Walker these questions he was not able to give specific
answers. The commercial prospects seem to be limited to communications,
earth resources, GPS perhaps, and survellance services to third world
contries with big, well armed, and potentially hostile neighbors. The volume
of commercial business is probably more than $10 billion per year and less
than $100 billion per year. The big market would be the government with at
least half the Department of Defence. DOD has just spent a lot of money
developing a new set of launch vehicles so they would oppose the creation
of a Space Transportation Authority.
------------------------------
Date: 5 Mar 93 13:52:00 GMT
From: Roland Dobbins <roland.dobbins@the-matrix.com>
Subject: Spy Sats (Was: Are La
Newsgroups: sci.space
DA>Actually, I thought they had most of the basic stuff down pretty we
DA>although some was certainly exaggerated at least a bit. Advanced K
DA>are supposed to have "near real time" imaging capability, but that
DA>does not translate into the continuous view they portrayed. The BI
DA>however was that their operation was at NIGHT, and these satellites
DA>placed into sun-synchronous polar orbits to optimize their daylight
DA>I do not believe they have a significant nighttime imaging capabili
DA>
........
DA>That report has been around a while... DoD's GROUND based tracking
DA>were certainly used and perhaps even one of their airborne platform
DA>it may just be the press jumping to conclusions to think any satell
DA>involved. KH-11 orbits are not all that much higher than the shutt
DA>would make an intercept pretty tight, and besides the optics are ob
KH-11 is neither the latest nor the greatest "real-time" platform up there.
---
. Orator V1.13 . [Windows Qwk Reader Unregistered Evaluation Copy]
------------------------------
Date: 5 Mar 93 13:52:00 GMT
From: Roland Dobbins <roland.dobbins@the-matrix.com>
Subject: Spy Sats (Was: Are La
Newsgroups: sci.space
DA>
DA>Newsgroups: sci.space
DA>From: dnadams@nyx.cs.du.edu (Dean Adams)
DA>Subject: Re: Spy Sats (Was: Are La
DA>Message-ID: <1993Feb23.113753.178@mnemosyne.cs.du.edu>
DA>Date: Tue, 23 Feb 93 11:37:53 GMT
DA>
DA>In article <13628.409.uupcb@the-matrix.com> roland.dobbins@the-matr
DA>>DA>That report has been around a while... DoD's GROUND based trac
DA>>DA>were certainly used and perhaps even one of their airborne plat
DA>>DA>it may just be the press jumping to conclusions to think any sa
DA>>DA>involved. KH-11 orbits are not all that much higher than the s
DA>>DA>would make an intercept pretty tight, and besides the optics ar
DA>>
DA>>KH-11 is neither the latest nor the greatest "real-time" platform
DA>>
DA>
DA>The ADVANCED KH-11 is... we currently have 2-3 of them up.
DA>
DA>OR, are you talking about Lacrosse or Aurora?
DA>
Yes, among others . . .
Although those two are primarily ELINT/SIGINT.
---
. Orator V1.13 . [Windows Qwk Reader Unregistered Evaluation Copy]
------------------------------
Date: 5 Mar 93 17:15:53 GMT
From: Gary Coffman <ke4zv!gary>
Subject: SSF Resupply (Was Re: Nobody cares about Fred?)
Newsgroups: sci.space
In article <1993Mar5.140713.18152@iti.org> aws@iti.org (Allen W. Sherzer) writes:
>An assessment of the space station effort done at a high level of NASA
>has shown that Freedom can be built on schedule for $2B per year *IF*
>all the money where spent on Freedom.
>
>Now this is what they have been getting from Congress for the past
>few years and are likely to get for the next few years. If the money
>where spent wisely we would have a station.
>
>Can't blame congress for this.
Back to the chart:
NASA SSF REQUEST AND ALLOCATION HISTORY
FY NASA OMB Congress Total Total Congress Holdback
Bdgt Request Change Change Change SSF($M) Holdback Release Notes
--- ------- ------ -------- ------ ------- -------- -------- -----
85 235 -85 0.0 -85.0 150.0 57.5 4/1/85 [A]
86 280 -50 - 29.7 -79.7 200.3 0.0
87 600 -190 0.0 -190.0 410.0 150.0 ???
88 1055 -288 -374.7 -622.7 392.3 225.0 6/1/88
89 1872 -904.6 - 67.4 -972.0 900.0 515.0 5/15/89
90 2130.2 -80 -300.6 -380.6 1749.6 750.4 6/1/90
91 2693 -242 -551.0 -793.0 1900.0 1260.0 2/3/91 [B]
-------
5702.2 Total FYs 85-91
During 85,86, and 87 NASA was doing preliminary design studies to pick
a station configuration. Out of a total funding request of $1.115 billion,
Congress approved $760.3 million for a cut of 31.8%. During the final design
phase, NASA asked for $7.7501 billion, or an average yearly funding level of
$1.937 billion. Congress granted $4.9419 billion, or a yearly average of
$1.235475 billion, or only 61.7% of the amount you clain NASA says it needs
to do the job and that *you* claim Congress has been providing. Congress also
heldback $2.7504 billion of that inadequate amount pending micromanagment
changes to the design. NASA has never had more than $1 billion available for
budgeting purposes at any time during SSF's design phase. You're engaging
in creative accounting again.
Gary
--
Gary Coffman KE4ZV | You make it, | gatech!wa4mei!ke4zv!gary
Destructive Testing Systems | we break it. | uunet!rsiatl!ke4zv!gary
534 Shannon Way | Guaranteed! | emory!kd4nc!ke4zv!gary
Lawrenceville, GA 30244 | |
------------------------------
Date: 5 Mar 93 21:07:13 GMT
From: "Allen W. Sherzer" <aws@iti.org>
Subject: SSF Resupply (Was Re: Nobody cares about Fred?)
Newsgroups: sci.space
In article <1993Mar5.171553.17933@ke4zv.uucp> gary@ke4zv.UUCP (Gary Coffman) writes:
>>has shown that Freedom can be built on schedule for $2B per year *IF*
>>all the money where spent on Freedom.
>>Now this is what they have been getting from Congress for the past
>>few years and are likely to get for the next few years. If the money
>>where spent wisely we would have a station.
>Back to the chart:
The chart isn't relevant. Average the money received over the past
three years (including this year) and you get a sum very close to
what NASA says is needed. Include next years funding and it goes over
the top.
For the next ten years $2B per year IS an achieveable figure and would
allow NASA to build the station *IF* they would spend the money on
Freedom. I note that you don't seem to be bothered that NASA, by its
own estimates, is wasting upwards of a third of the funds allocated.
Allen
--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Allen W. Sherzer | "A great man is one who does nothing but leaves |
| aws@iti.org | nothing undone" |
+----------------------102 DAYS TO FIRST FLIGHT OF DCX----------------------+
------------------------------
Date: 5 Mar 1993 15:12:13 -0500
From: Pat <prb@access.digex.com>
Subject: SSF Resupply (Was Re: Nobody cares about Fred?)
Newsgroups: sci.space
In article <1993Mar4.042339.7797@ke4zv.uucp> gary@ke4zv.UUCP (Gary Coffman) writes:
>
>Despite claims, including by NASA, to the contrary, 50 some odd flights
>does not make an operational system. Every Shuttle flight is to some
>extent a test flight. New problems, and old but unfixed problems, crop
>up on every flight. This experience base being gathered is properly
>a developmental cost. Shuttle has already taught us many things we
>should, and shouldn't, do to achieve a cost effective spaceflight
At what Cost? Remember we already spent over 30 Billion on "R&D"
to build the shuttle, and now you are saying that the whole thing
is now R&D? The X-15, taught us things. the X-1 taught us things.
Mercury and Gemini taught us things. But look at the size and scale
of those operations. Mercury ran 6 missions. Gemini Around 10.
Apollo was never scheduled for over 20. Shuttle was planned to
be operational. Every 747 teaches us about what you should and
shouldn't do to achieve cost effective flight. Doe sthat mean
the government should underwrite every passenger ticket?
Okay.. How much of every flight should be considered R&D? 5%, 10%
25%, 50%. You name a number and then be willing to intelectually
defend it based upon the hard data acquired.
>system. Every flight adds to that database. At some point we must
>say "enough" and go on to another system, but going *backwards* to
>forty year old ICBM technology is not an answer. The next system,
AS henry points, out. the answer depends on the question.
If you want to conduct an experimental system, then we should not have
a 5 orbiter fleet. actually 7 if you include pathfinder and enterprise.
we should have built about 3. then we should not have a standing army
devoted to the platform, and every other mission warped around the
platforms capacity and availability.
Also, the ships should be involved in an ever increasing series of
data collection flights, and not have all the sensors stripped off
after the 4 flight. Sure Data is collected off the shuttle, but then
again, NASA conducts lots of data missio with the HARV and god knows
what else flies at edwards. And all those birds are generally modified
operational vehicles.
>flying hardware. Shooting off old stale ICBMs doesn't bring any
>progress to the table.
>
To the mission scientists whose payload went up for a significantly
lower dollar figure and on time, I'd argue that a lot of progress
occured.
>
>You can't gather development information unless you fly the system.
>If you can carry payloads in the process, that's just gravy. NASA
Wasn't this the guy who screamed the X-15 wasn't able to carry
payload, so it shouldn't be considered an operational vehicle?
So then you must mean the SHuttle isn't operational. and the shuttle
shouldn't be used for operational missions.
>would be fulfilling it's R&D charter if it hauled lead weights to
>and from orbit. Being able to actually piggyback some working payloads
>onto developmental launchers is just a spinoff benefit.
>
By-products are always a consideration of an task, but at 4 billion/year
that's not a very good by-product.
>>Irrelevant. The value of past research can't justify wasting money
>>today.
>
>That argument is called "eating the seed corn." Just because payoffs
>are down the road doesn't mean we don't have to spend the money today.
>
a Gary. Allen was talking about past research. What was done in the
past is history. What is done tomorrow is research. You're burden
is to demonstrate that the $ billion dollars spent each year on
shuttle ops will have a pay off greater then 4 billion dollars invested
in other areas.
I would argue, that 4 billion/year dumped into solar sails, space reactors,
ion drive and autonomous vehicles would be better then the research
database of the STS.
Certainly any research task is based upon sacrifice for future return,
you demonstrate teh return.
pat
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End of Space Digest Volume 16 : Issue 280
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